The Health Care Puzzle :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Health Care Puzzle Social insurance in the United States has improved colossally during the previous century. Improved innovation has at last permitted us to dispense with lethal ailment from our general public. Shockingly, the innovation is costly and has put financial weights upon the consideration recipients. No longer can a white collar class American manage the cost of the galactic expenses for lifesaving tasks in the clinic. Along these lines, medical coverage, similar to vehicle protection, flood protection or fire protection, has been built up to guarantee its member that the individual can be furnished with the most ideal consideration. Numerous loathsome stories by ordinary individuals have demonstrated that it hasn't occurred. Merited human services has not been given, and many safeguarded members have endured along these lines. The issues of social insurance in the United States include: addressing of cost decrease strategies, charges of death and injury, rivalry between medical clinics the mselves, and legitimate provisos in the framework. It's no big surprise that clinical consideration frameworks are under such investigation. One framework specifically that has abused the framework is the HMO, or Health Maintenance Organizations, an open supplier which powers their patient to look over an arrangement of their doctors. Since their foundation, HMOs have progressively diminished the nature of patient human services essentially, particularly in emergency clinics. Discussions over the social insurance gave by HMOs have emerged much of the time. For a disturbing dominant part, associations like the HMO are the main reasonable alternative for giving social insurance. Since a great many people would never bear the cost of such expenses as costly medical procedures, they have gone to HMOs to furnish them with care, paid by means of a month to month premium. An assortment of administrations can be offered to patients in a single recognizable spot. Likewise, the specialists are acceptable on the grounds that they are screened before acknowledgment by other qualifying doctors. Methods are likewise given all the more impartially, due to no additional expense motivating forces for the doctors in prepaid projects, where the objective is to bring down expenses. Additionally, costs are about the equivalent for each visit, and guarantee structures are kept at the very least. Another bit of leeway of organizations like HMO is that there is a nature between the doctors of the HMO gathering. Authorities of numerous types can identify with one another on the grounds that they are in a helpful workplace. Conversely, impediments exist with these wellbeing suppliers. Since patients rely upon them for care, they should confide in the HMO too. This implies their wellbeing can be harmed in view of a specialist's flawed dynamic, rather than the patient's.

Women and Deception in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

Ladies and Deception in the Odyssey   â â As Agamemnon tells Odysseus, â€Å"Let it be an admonition even to you. Enjoy a lady never, and never reveal to her all you know. A few things a man may advise, some he should cover up† (Book XI 199).  This isn't a surprising bit of information to Odysseus, who treats all ladies with alert since the time he was sold out by his significant other Helen, who acted such that debased all womankind. Agamemnon didn't result in these present circumstances acknowledgment without anyone else, notwithstanding; his announcement speaks to the regular feeling that existed all through all antiquated Greece. Indeed, even before Odysseus talks with Agamemnon, he displays a comparable mentality in his numerous experiences with ladies during his long excursion home. Each significant female character that Odysseus goes over utilizations duplicity in some structure to improve of him. This being the situation, Odysseus battles fire with fire, utilizing his own craftiness double deali ng against the shades of malice of womankind.  â â â â â â â â â â The principal wily female that Odysseus fights brains with is the goddess Kalypso. She is a tricky lady, without a doubt. Kalypso has some way or another figured out how to avoid the divine beings for a long time †an unnatural and disrespectable achievement. She has been having a mystery illicit relationship with Odysseus, a human, who has been held hostage on her island for the... ... Helene Foley, Penelope as Moral Agent, in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. The Odyssey, History, and Women, by A. J. Graham, pp. 3-16, and Jennifer Neils, Les Femmes Fatales: Skylla and the Sirens in Greek Art, pp. 175-84. Lillian Doherty, Siren Songs: Gender, Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey (Ann Arbor 1995), esp. section 1. Mary Lefkowitz, Enticement and Rape in Greek Myth, 17-37. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994).

Denman Leigh, :: essays research papers

You have gone into the reality where you will additionally find the mystery behind Denman Leigh, the maker of his â€Å"twin.† Behind the curtains’ of Dr. Leigh is his science world loaded up with anticipation that nobody can envision. This film gives the chance to watchers to contemplate how and why the â€Å"twin† was made. Sci-fi makes the ways for creative mind and boundless prospects that keeps the watchers addressing â€Å"what if†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This kind of addressing causes individuals to associate the film to their world and miracle whether science can truly make new disputable advancements. Motion pictures like Frankenstein made various watchers wonder how the beast was made in any case and whether it was advocated. Distress is Increased with Knowledge particularly will make the crowd say â€Å"Oh, oh† since Dr. Leigh is going to clone a human. Tension is even included to give the crowds a shudder down their spines for them to feel the situation and feelings the characters are experiencing in the film. It likewise brings significant levels of expectation, vulnerability, nervousness, and nerve-wracking strain that will keep the crowd bluff hanging at the edge of their seats as the plot works towards a peak. It is the most energizing inclination that the vast majority love to feel and will consistently remember once the film closes. It is the ideal classification that will let individuals to think outside about the case and experience the rush that will truly take their breath away.      Sorrow is Increased with Knowledge highlights one of the most credible and practical entertainers and on-screen characters that brought the film into life. Willem DaFoe as Denman Leigh, is worked in assuming the job as the inquisitive researcher and clone since he featured in Spider Man as the green troll with two distinct characters as the adversary and the researcher. Consequently, he is equipped for assuming another comparable job in this film. DaFoe wants to be a piece of thrilling motion pictures, for example, Platoon, The Last Temptation of Christ, and Shadow of the Vampire, which makes him the ideal character to assume the job as the cloning researcher. His sharp-included with an enchanting and serpentine grin permits the crowd to see Denman’s alarming and frantic character. DaFoe was given the name Denman Leigh since it characterizes â€Å"dark doctor† which genuinely mirrors the character’s character in the film. Melissa Ula, played by Kat e Winslet, is known to assuming jobs in guiltless, spiritualist, sexual, and authentic films.

Causes and Effects of The Black Death - Free Essay Example

Between the years of 1347 and 1350, terror raced across Europe as family members and loved ones died in considerable numbers from a painful and fatal disease. This gruesome plague became known as the Black Death and carried itself throughout all of Europe to make its presence known. Before this great tragedy, Europe had been secure with its mighty feudal kingdoms; cities had thick walls to protect people from invaders and any dangers they faced. The Churches were thriving and monumental Cathedrals were built everywhere. The economy was rising, and life in Europe was progressing as time marched on. This was all until the plague arrived. Before it was over, 25 to 40 million people died in Europe alone, and one out of every three people who contracted the disease died. In some cities, half of the population was destroyed, often leaving no one to bury the dead. Burial jobs were done quickly and poorly, which often resulted in wild animals digging up the corpses. In some towns, relatives had to carry dead family members out of their homes and stack them on carts, so the bodies could be hauled away and buried in mass graves. Today, people call the plague the Black Death because of the blackened skin of those who were infected. In the years that the disease was active, it was called the Great Mortality, or simply, the end of the world. There were three different types of the plague, even though they are often lumped together and called the bubonic plague. The bubonic plague was the most common, and the most survivable, of the three types, as about 30 percent of those who got the bubonic type died. The bubonic plague was named after a symptom called buboes, which were blackened swellings on the neck, armpits, and other areas. The second type was called pneumonic plague. The pneumonic plague infected the lungs and was very contagious when victims coughed, and victims coughed continuously when infected, making it difficult not to get infected. The third type was called the septicemic plague, which is when blood is poisoned by bacteria or toxins they produce. The septicemic plague was less common but had a very high fatality rate all the same. Infection in all forms can be fatal unless treated immediately with antibiotics, such as streptomycin. According to PBS, mortality rates for treated individuals range from 1 perc ent to 15 percent for bubonic plague to 40 percent for the septicemic plague. In untreated victims, the rates rise to about 50 percent for bubonic and 100 percent for septicemia. The mortality rate for untreated pneumonic plague is 100 percent; death occurs within 24 hours. The cause of the Black Plague was finally discovered in 1899, and it was an extremely harmful bacteria called Yersinia pestis. It lived in the digestive system of fleas, who lived on rats that rummaged through the cities. When the rats died, the fleas went looking for more food, almost always finding human life. When the fleas bit people, the bacteria were injected into their bloodstream. Shortly after, victims infected others by coughing near them or even breathing. It is believed by many that the plague entered Europe by infectious people that traveled by boat into either Constantinople, Genoa, and the Island of Sicily. From there, the disease rapidly spread through the cities and the countrysides. All it took was breathing in the wrong air for people to be instantly infected. According to author Jim Ollhoff, there is also rumor that an infected boat that floated onto the shore of Norway, with only one living passenger. That one man managed to infect and spread the disease through all of Norway. Many other factors made people more susceptible to the plague. There was a small climate change in the early 1300s, causing many more droughts and floods. This resulted in poor farming conditions and weak harvests. The resulting shortage of food left many people malnourished. When people are malnourished, they are more susceptible to disease. Further, the shortage of food may have forced rats to move closer to humans, where there is more food. Since the rats were carrying the fleas with the plague, more people got sick. Another factor was that cities were overpopulating. This meant more people had to eat, therefore, there were more slaughterhouses where cattle and other animals were butchered for their meat. Large amounts of animal entrails were left lying around city streets and alleys. This also attracted rats, bringing them closer to humans. With the growth of cities came an increase in human waste everywhere. This was especially troublesome because there were no sewers or flush t oilets, and in many communities, the only law about human sewage was to shout, Look out below! before throwing a pot of human sewage into the streets. This again was an attraction to rats, and thus made humans closer to the fleas that lived on the rats. In rural areas, many homes were made out of thatch and mud bricks. Farm animals often lived in the same house as the people. This made easy access for rats and fleas. Bathing was uncommon, which meant lots of dirt, fleas, and lice. During the plague years, ships coming into harbors were often quarantined for 40 days, meaning that no one was allowed to leave the ship to prevent sick people from bringing disease into the port city. People knew that the disease spread from person to person, so the quarantines might have worked a little. However, overlooked at the time was the rats that could easily make it to shore on the ropes that moored the ships. Since the rats spread the disease, even just having a ship docked nearby could mean an infection in the city. After years of horror, the Black Death finally stopped, but not because of any cures devised by the people. At the end of the year 1350, and the beginning of 1351, the plague ultimately just came to a stopping point. Its final toll was devastating, as it wiped out millions and destroyed the economy. It had cut like a knife through Europe for three years, killing between 25 and 40 million people. Many changes in society made the plague less infectious and dangerous over the many years to come. There were fewer people after the plague, and that meant less crowding, so there was less chance of sharing the disease. Better nutrition may have helped people stave off the plague as well. People began to bathe more consistently, and wear higher-quality clothes, which mea nt fewer fleas. The concept of washing hands grew more and was considered one of the most significant health developments of the period. The shipping industry became better at quarantining ships that came from diseased areas as well, to prevent the spreading of the disease. Another excellent development was the rise in better and stronger construction of homes across Europe. In many places, tiles began to replace thatched roofs, which made homes safer from a fire and also making it less likely that fleas would drop in from the roof. Perhaps the biggest reason for the plagues demise was that it ran out of fuel†it just ran out of people to kill. Of the people to survive the plague, its likely that their immune systems grew stronger from being around the disease, making it much more difficult to get infected. The Black Death was gone, but it left behind a very different world, and it changed the future of Europe. As the plague began to wane, it left behind many problems, aside from grief and suffering. One-third of the workers were gone, which left a chronic shortage of people to work on farms, run the mills, and help manufacture materials. The shortage caused a slump in construction and trade, weakening the economy and money flow. Wars were scaled down or stopped altogether because of the lack of energy and soldiers. With the drastic shortage of workers, there was less farming which in turn led to food shortages. According to Ollhoff, before the Black Death, workers called serfs sometimes worked for little or no pay, however, with fewer workers available, they became precious. They demanded better pay, and if landowners wouldnt pay higher wages, workers could walk to the next town†or even the next farm†and get a better-paying job. Serfs often could even walk off the job and f ind cheap land for sale, becoming farmers themselves. The plague also caused an oversupply of products, because there were fewer people to purchase goods, and because of this prices went down even as wages increased. This was good for the average worker. On the other hand, landowners saw their wealth evaporate because of high labor costs and lower food prices. The rich lost wealth and the poor gained it. Financial businesses were disrupted and many destroyed. People who lent money often had no one to collect from since whole families had been wiped out. Many people who owed money had no one to pay it back to since many creditors also died. As cities got back on their feet, they created better sanitation, burial practices, and hospitals. Medical schools emphasized the physical sciences, which helped prepare society for the scientific method†proposing a theory and testing it by observable facts. Higher education became a prevalent topic afterward as well, in hopes of finding the causes and coming up with ways to prevent a recurrence. Many schools were built and education became much more important. Medicine also had a significant surge during this time, with many significant developments and a lot of people that were pushed into medicine after seeing the effects of the plague. Modern medicine and hospital management made significant changes to adapt to whatever circumstances they may face. There was a lot of anger and resentment at the churchs inability to stop the plague, setting the stage for the Reformation, where many cases of abuse and superstitions were primarily swept out of the church. Many people lost their faith, causing Church funds to decrease at an alarming rate. There was also a steep drop in numbers of people wanting to join the seminary, and people interested in having leadership roles in the Church. Not to mention, the plague wiped out many current leaders and members of the Church, which had a significant impact on the state of the Church. The Black Death had many causes as to why and how it spread, whether that be on the backs of rats and fleas or through the coughs of victims. The most significant cause and spread of the disease having the major effect it did was overpopulation. Overpopulation caused rats and fleas to have more reasons to be in the streets of big cities, as well as making it easier for the disease to spread from person to person. Ironically, the biggest reason the diseases reign ended is that of the low populations, as a result of the effects of the disease. As time continued on the disease had less and fewer people to spread to, and most that lived had built up an immunity to it. While the disease wiped out a third of the worlds population, there are good things that come out of all tragedies. The Black Death is well known for being the cause of advancements in architecture, education, and medicine. Governments and hospital management were also able to implement many safety strategies and infection prevention strategies in case of another emergency.

Police Brutality, Technology, And Abortion - 1172 Words

Social Development The Society is constantly developing and changing, but the progress in development has changed for the worse. The society should be a major focus ,and people should try to find ways to better the community. Social Development attempts to explain quality changes in the structure and framework of society, that helps the society to better realize aims and objectives. Development is a process of social change, not a set of policies and programs instituted for some specific results. In order for the society to improve, there should be a main focus on what makes the development horrible such as; , police brutality,technology, and abortion. Police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States. Over the past years, police have acted out in ways that have made people wonder â€Å"are our officers of the law really doing their job?† Unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal choking’s, and rough treatment have all contributed to the ever-present problem of police brutality in America. Our society should not fear an authority that s suppose to help when in danger. The crime of police brutality goes un-reported or un-noticed, and many people are starting to take this crime very serious. Most police that commit this crime usually gets a slap on the wrist and never receives a punishment, which is unfair to those who lost their lives. Although it can take place anywhere, police brutality isShow MoreRelatedThe Media Has Much Influence On Our Everyday Lives Essay1770 Words   |  8 PagesIn our technology centered society, the media has much influence on our eve ryday lives. What is shown in the media not only shapes our opinions, but our actions as well. 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Family Structure Of The United States - 848 Words

Deedocracy: Family Within the summary of our society, Deedocracy takes elements from the U.S.A., and twist them to fix the problems we faced on Earth. Our family structure is neither patriarchal or matriarchal. We leave this up to every family to decide. Children are the main concern and should come before all else. The educational system is trade based. Students recieve your average education until they turn 16. They have to take a test that will sort them into what field of study they will enter. There are five leaders that run the entire government, Grand Leaders. They are advised by 20 others, Word of the People Council, who are voted in democratically. Each town has a male and female co-counselor that run the city governments, they are voted in by the people. The economy is capitalist, but instead of using a paper currency, we pay in good deeds. People are rewarded with things by the government for following the rules of the world, and working.We still have businesses and your good deeds can be t raded for food, and other things. This is the basis of our religion Deedism, we read the Book of Deeds, and follow the rules of the book accordingly. Family in the United States is a very important part of culture. Families of three, four, five, etc. are a normal thing in this culture. Within the culture of the United States, gender roles vary and both genders of male and female take on similar jobs on both accounts. Also, The amount of children in each family is a number thatShow MoreRelatedThe Family Structure Of The United States977 Words   |  4 PagesThe family structure throughout the last 100 years has changed drastically in the UK. Societies more casual state of mind towards marriage implies it is no longer seen as unusual to be included in a complicated family structure. For instance a Reconstituted family. 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Poliomyelitis in Context of Pakistan

Question: Write an essay on Poliomyelitis in Pakistan? Answer: Absract The current assignment deals with the serious issue of poliomyelitis in context of Pakistan. Although Polio is eradicated from most of the countries across world, Pakistan still faces the risk of Polio infection. The study highlights the major reasons for this and points out the factors contributing to the barriers to eradicate the disease. These include religious beliefs, illiteracy, economical constraints, etc. This research presents a deep insight into the prospective symptoms, treatments and prevailing programs in Pakistan for eradicating Polio from the country. The study concludes with the note that the country of Pakistan need to focus highly on the incorporation of educative sessions in the polio eradicating programs. This assignment also presents an intervention program based on the NPSP program through analysis of the social, behavioral and cultural aspect of the country. Introduction This research paper will spread light on the poliomyelitis infection that spread over in Pakistan and also the statistical data of the polio cases in Pakistan. It also gives a detail description about the polio virus and the vaccines that can prevent the poliomyelitis disease. It will also highlight the conflicts that occur during administration of a vaccine. In the last section, I have proposed an intervention programme for eradication polio, which when implemented on other countries have proved very successful. Lastly, I will also highlight some of the limitation of the proposed intervention Current Epidemiology Today Polio has almost been eradicated from worldwide, but few countries remain endemic like Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. Pakistan has the highest percentage of cases of poliomyelitis in the world, 23%. Though Immunization of polio campaign has started in a country since 1974, but the efforts of eradication has been started from 1993. Around 60 rounds of vaccination have been carried out till 2007 in the country but still it remains endemic. Cases of polio in Pakistan were 37% in 2011 though only 7cases of polio has been reported in 2015. The number of new cases though has been lesser down but still poliomyelitis has still not got completely eradicated from Pakistan. The reason may be the challenges that remain in Pakistan. The constant conflict in polio sanctuaries restrict the coverage of territories by the vaccination team and generate displacement of the population which contributes to spreading of polio virus and bring about a condition of poverty. According to nation surveillance reports since 1999, the rate of non-polio below the age of 15years has exceeded to 2% per 100000. Polio eradication has become a priority program for Pakistan. The program started with a hope of eradication but faced a lot of limitation due to violence and protest against the workers of polio. From 58 cases of polio in 2012, it increased to 91 in 2013. Government of Pakistan has declared a national emergency to interrupt transmission of polio and to achieve the goal of eradication. Programme Initiated by the Government in Pakistan NEAP programme was established in Pakistan to eradicate polio in Pakistan. This programme relied on the strong political leadership and provincial administration also the agency and district administrator. The main goal of this programme was to stop the transmission of polio virus. A total 58 Wild polio virus cases were reported in 2012 which increased by 58 wild polio virus in 2013 that is more than 68% of the complete cases of polio in Pakistan. The reason of the increasing number of cases was because of the vaccination ban that occurred in the south and North Waziristan and also due to the aloofness from conflict in Khyber agency. On the basis of religious ground, the parents refused to participate in the programme and get their children vaccinated Recently government in 2015 issued arrest warrants for 1,200 guardians and parent who refused administration of vaccination for their children. Reports state that 512 people who were arrested were freed as they agreed for not opposing vaccination. New cases were of poliomyelitis has dropped by70% because of the increasing vaccination as previously northwest Pakistan was under the militants who were opposing for vaccination administration but Zarb-e-Ab which by Pakistani forces secured these areas and theses campaign were against Taliban militants. So they could administer the vaccine to the children in those areas. Though the issue of polio has recently been dropped because of continuous support of eradication programme by the government but still it is not completely eradication in this paper I would like to discuss an intervention for poliomyelitis. Despite the progress of the polio sanctuaries situation remain fragile because of some reason like the outbreak at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, continuous poliovirus transmission in FATA block, isolation of cVDPD-2 in Quetta block etc. The limitation of this programme was that it did not spread education programme. Educating programme is important because many people are unaware of the details of polio they should be made aware of all the pros and cons about the vaccination, religious myths that were present among the people were not resolved. And lastly it will require more support from the government as the financial limitation becomes a barrier in an implementation of new techniques. Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by polio virus. It affects the central nervous system that sometimes results in paralysis. Infantile paralysis is the greatest incidence of polio disease that occurs in children between the ages of 10. In 1840, an orthopedist Jacob von Hein from Germany has first descried this disease. Poliovirus is enteroviruses that are spread from one individual to another following pharyngeal secretions and excretion in feces, chiefly via mouth route or via hand to hand. Poliovirus receptor is expressed only on the cells of humans being and a few subhuman primate species there are no known extra human reservoirs. This virus replicates in the gastrointestinal tract and can cause viremia. It then invades the CNS and also destroys the motor neurons that cause flaccid paralysis and sometimes sensory loss permanently. It is a preventable disease it can be prevented by vaccination of live attenuated oral polio virus. Symptoms The virus usually enters the body through the alimentary tract and spreads long nerve cells to affect various parts of central nervous system. The period of incubation is 4-35days. Fatigue, nausea, fever, vomiting, pain diarrhea, spasm of the neck are the common symptoms. As nerve cell once destroyed do not regenerate, and it plays a crucial role in control movement of muscle and this cause paralysis permanent. The nerve cell that controls the respiration if once destroyed then the patient is kept alive with the help of iron lung. Polio Eradication Immunizations can prevent polio, polio vaccines are given for a number of times and almost it protects child life always. Five different polio vaccines have been armored by the Global Polio eradication initiation to stop polio transmission. The vaccines are as follows oral polio vaccine (OVP), Inactive polio vaccine (IPV), monovalent polio oral vaccine (mOPV3 and mOVP1), and bivalent polio oral vaccine. Conflicts of Polio On the basis of the religious ground many conflicts arises, many people restrict the administration of the polio virus the greatest obstacle, even lack of health infrastructure limits the distribution of the vaccine. Another big challenge that arises is maintaining the potency of the live attenuated vaccine due to hot temperature. The oral polio vaccine is to be maintained at 2 to 8 degree Celsius for successful vaccination. The crucial problem in Pakistan is the barrier of insecurity among people, inadequate resource for health facilities, managing resources of human, political pressure, conflicts among the people living in Pakistan as well as influenced from other countries, other than this the major problem lies in the technical issues. These all create barriers for safe polio vaccine administration by the programme that are held to eradicate poliomyelitis Proposed Intervention for Eradication of Poliomyelitis As there are so many social, environmental issues which restrict the eradication of polio from Pakistan. I would like to implement a programme NPSP i.e. National polio surveillance project will help in controlling and eradicating the problem of polio in Pakistan. This programme is funded and established by the Government of India and WHO. As India is a neighboring country of Pakistan and has a similar environment, and atmospheric condition implementation of this programme in India has resulted in complete eradication of the infectious disease poliomyelitis. The basic problem that occurs in Pakistan is restricting the team of vaccination to administer the vaccine to the children. Educating programme if implemented then it may resolve the matter of this concern as, less knowledge creates difficulties. Education programme must give a detailed information about the consequences of polio vaccine if not given to the children, it may lead to flaccid paralysis, stiffness etc. the common difficulty that creates a barrier is the knowledge of total doses. The people are sometimes unaware of the multiple doses that are required for appropriate vaccination, due to lack of knowledge as well as the poor immunity of the children leads to polio even after receiving doses of polio vaccine. As building the immunity of the body is important to fight against the polio virus thus proper nutrition chart must be implemented for the children as well as their family member to guide them through diet. Some cookery classes service are to be given so that the people could participate and get detail information on healthy diet chart as dietary health habit will increase the immunity of t he children to fight against the polio disease. As malnutrition, underweight are the two factors which decrease the immune system of the body so it is important to focus on this problem and give them appropriate support so that multiple doses of polio vaccine can eradicate the virus from the body. The people must know that OPV is a safe vaccine. It can be also given to newborns and sick children. Some people also have misconception like OPV causes infertility so doctors are to be appointed so that they could resolve this myth as from a long time scientist are testing this polio vaccine but cannot get any link between these two issues. Religious conflicts are the major problem among people, so if religious people from various Islamic institution and muftis can support vaccination and OPV this practice may influence people and the religious barrier can be removed. So it is important that campaigns in which religious people participate and educate the population this will help in controlling the barrier of religion. Even all the hajjis are required to be vaccinated against the polio virus. People like Imams, cleric's madrasa teachers, physicians, etc will work together in this project to urge the parent for immunizing their children, and will also reduce the person who refuses to get their children vaccinated Another major problem is an economy. So a team of people is to be appointed who will monitor accurately and analyze the requirement of capital resources required for the programme so that they can give the complete budget to the government and convince the government to spend an amount to eradicate this process. And this team will maintain a proper documentation of the amount of money invested and also about the amount required for maintaining the laboratories that prepare the vaccine. This team will also handle convincing other countries and arranging meeting so that the government could collaborate with the other country, and joint ventures are formed which will increase the resource as well as capital. So national as well as international collaboration is very important in increasing the capital. Government's support plays the most crucial role in eradicating the polio disease from Pakistan. As investing, more capital will not create a crisis and all the people can get the multiple vaccine free as people due to financial crisis sometimes become a barrier. So it is important that this polio doses must be made free. And even two days in a month should be allocated for polio vaccination delivery. People will be appointed who will cover all the areas of Pakistan and place campaign in which free vaccination against polio virus is to be given. Attendance barrier problem will also be resolved as some people have issues regarding transportation. So this small campaign that will cover almost all the areas will enable the people to access this camp and get their children vaccinated. Health workers are appointed for sampling from environment sewage in areas which are remote, or are unhygienic will help the government in tracking out the complete spread area of the virus. Areas with increasing risk will then be targeted, and more support could be given to eradicate poliomyelitis. Health workers will target the mobile families that are the people who are travelling by bus or motorbikes train etc. This will help them to immunize children who stay in remote areas. As well it will interrupt transmission of the disease from one country or place to another. An approach to ensure the good quality of polio is the main goal of this program. The people must get high quality of vaccine which will increase the efficacy of the eradication process. The vaccines are to be created in such a way so that it can also immunize children from other diseases like diarrhea; chicken pox etc. and this will also built capacity to eradicate vital disease like measles, etc. This will ensure that the children are immunized from other preventable diseases also. Lastly, this programme will require a team of people that will monitor the whole process as monitoring the whole process is very beneficial as the lagging problem will get resolved. Teams will note all the issues from each and every individual and get detail information that will help them to check their mistakes if any. So monitoring the whole process throughout the process is very crucial. Post-polio vaccination programme are implemented, as it will help in maintaining the polio vaccine multiple dose records. So continuously health works keep a track is all doses of polio been given to the children or not. Evidence of NPSP Intervention NPSP has been implemented in India, and it has proved a very effective as well as the successful programme. Along with polio, it has also been effective in eradicating other preventable diseases that include Japanese encephalitis; measles, etc. 100% eradication has been achieved by India for eradicating this disease. Limitation of Npsp The main challenges that will be faced in the implementation of this programme are of the documentation. If documentation is not done correctly it creates the huge problem it may misguide and mislead of proper delivering of a vaccine may occur. Another challenge is it needs a good amount of investment and thus need foreign collaboration as alone the government of Pakistan cannot meet the target amount. If these two challenges are overcome, then this project may bring huge success. Conclusion This research paper addresses the major health problem that is poliomyelitis in Pakistan. It is a preventable disease. Most of the countries are successful in eradicating this disease but Pakistan still is not completely successful in eradicating this disease. It is important that people should not oppose in administrating polio vaccine as it is a preventable disease and people could be immunized with the help of vaccine. And this issue of eradication of poliovirus can be 100% successful. This paper highlighted the importance of eradication of polio. I have proposed an intervention programme that includes an analysis on the basis of social, culture, behavior. This proposal was based on NPSP programme guidelines. This programme was implemented in India and eradicated polio 100% so this guideline, if implemented to Pakistan, may also result in the successful eradication of polio. This programme was based on the analysis of social, behavioral, cultural, environmental factors contribute. And also it gives importance to the role of international and national collaboration and also the funders. 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Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication Peoples Republic of China, 1990-1996. MMWR 1996; 45:1076-9.